Sunday, December 13, 2009
















Old to New Khana Ka'aba and Interior

Sunday, December 13, 2009 by Unknown · 0


Old to New; Masjid-e-Nabvi













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Khana Kaaba and Madina Sharif (Harmain Sharifain)

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Tuesday, December 8, 2009

Ab-i-ZamZam

Tuesday, December 8, 2009 by Unknown · 0

We, MUSLIMS are not Terrorist



We are not terrorist
There are some problems and misunderstanding. India and Israel are exploiting and try to get decisions in their favour to hold the leadership of the world. Islam is the religion of peace and welfare. Its right that we fought, but you all can realise that there were some principles (golden Ones) during fight and after being as conquer(winning the fight). No harm for old , women , children. There were reace for all human beings. But now these terrorists are not MUSLIMS yet not human beings. They are agents of India and Israel(Twins Brothers). They are now allien together now a days (India is for Pakistan and Israel for Muslim) They are unite to harm Pakistan and Islam. Our Muslim Leaders espacially Saudi Arab's King, Pakistani politisians, Irani Leadership try to unite MUSLIMS.

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Qura'n Majeed


Qur'an
The Qur’an Majeed is the central religious text of Islam, also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Qur’an, Koran, Alcoran or Al-Qur’an. We believe the Qur’an to be the book of divine guidance and direction for mankind, and consider the original Arabic text to be the final revelation of Allah.
We believe that the Qur’an was revealed to Muhammad (peace be upon him) by the angel Jibril (Gabriel) over a period of approximately twenty-three years. Followers of Islam further believe that the Qur’an was written down by Muhammad's companions while he was alive, although the primary method of transmission was oral. Muslim tradition agrees that it was fixed in writing shortly after Muhammad's death by order of the caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar, and that their orders began a process of formalization of the orally transmitted text that was completed under their successor Uthman with the standard edition known as the "Uthmanic recension". The present form of the Qur’an is accepted by most scholars as the original version authored or dictated by Muhammad.
Muslims regard the Qur’an as the main miracle of Muhammad, as proof of his prophethood, and as the culmination of a series of divine messages. These started, according to Islamic belief, with the messages revealed to Adam, regarded in Islam as the first prophet, and continued with the Suhuf Ibrahim (Scrolls of Abraham), the Tawrat (Torah or Pentateuch), the Zabur (Tehillim or Book of Psalms), and the Injil (Evangel). The Qur'an assumes familiarity with major narratives recounted in Jewish and Christian scriptures, summarizing some, dwelling at length on others, and, in some cases, presenting alternative accounts and interpretations of events. The Qur'an describes itself as a book of guidance, rarely offering detailed accounts of specific historical events, and often emphasizing the moral significance of an event over its narrative sequence.

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Syllabus of BCom I (PU)

University of the Punjab, Lahore
New Syllabus for B. Com - I.Proposed Syllabi and Courses of Reading of B.Com (Two Years Pass Course) Part-I and Part-II Examination.
DETAILS OF COURSES


B.Com Part-I
PAPER-I (BC-301)
BUSINESS STATISTICS & MATHEMATICS STATISTICS
1) Definition, Application in Business and Commerce, Classification and Tabulation, Statistical Enquiries, Diagrams and Graphs, Measures of Central Values, Measures of Dispersion, Skewness, Simple, Correlation and Regression, Lines of Regression, Method of least square and curve fitting with application to Business.
Index, Number: Kind of Index numbers with special emphases to consumer price Index numbers.
(2) Probability: Set theory, Definition, Laws of Probability, Conditional Probability, Independent and Dependent events; Application in Business.
(3) Random Variables: Introduction, Discrete and Continuous Random variables, Probability function, Expected values of Random variables.
(4) Tests of significance : Introduction, Tests for means and proportions for single and two population.
MATHEMATICS:
Solution of Simultaneous equation, Solution of quadratic equation, sequence Series and Progression: Arithmetic & geometric and their application in Business, Matrices and determinants: Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication of Matrices, Expansion of Determinations, Inverse of a matrix. Use of matrices in the solution of system of linear equations.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS:
Differention of a function, Partial differentiation, Application of derivatives in Business Commerce, Optimization.
Note: 50% marks are for Statistics Section.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
(1) Syed Hassan Mirza, Business Mathematic for Management and Finance.
(2) L.W. Stafford, Business Mathematics.
(3) Richard Lacava. Business Statistics when & Why Irvan & Publication, Illinsis.
(4) Lavin. Business Statistics. Prentice Hall Inc.
(5) Nasir Ali Syed, and G.H. Gill. Statistics and Mathematics.
N.A. Siddiqui, Modern Business Mathematics and Statistics.
Note: Latest Edition of the Recommended Books.
PAPER-II (BC-302)
COMPUTERS APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS:
1) Types of Computer. Software and Hardware. Classification of Computer Types of Storage. Memory, Input and Output Devices Types of Software. Operating System, Common terminology's use in Computer Field.
(2) Data Processing: What is Data, What does Data Processing mean? Life Cycle of Data Processing, data vs Information. How data become information the need of Data Processing in Business Organization.
(3) Introduction to Microsoft Windows 98/2000 Professional: Desktop, incense, task bar, Display properties, Control Panel (mouse, keyboard, regional settings). Windows Explorer.
(4) Excel 2000, Power Point 2000
(5) Internet and E-mail: What is Internet, Services provided by Internet, Using a web browser, Address bar, Refresh and Stop, Suing a search engine, Saving information from the Net, Creating an E-mail accounts of Free Web Servers, What is E-mail, sending and receiving E-mails, difference between ISP & Free Web Server mail accounts.
PAPER-III (BC-303)
ECONOMICS
Introduction: Definition, Nature, Scope and Importance (Micro and Macro) Economics Description. Analysis and Policy: economic Methodology.
Consumption: Definition and meaning, Diminishing Marginal Utility: Consumer's surplus.
Demand: Definition and meaning, Curves; Elasticity of Demand and its measurement, Laws of Substitution; Indifference Curves.
Supply: Supply, changes in supply, Equilibrium Analysis.
Production: Laws of returns and their application to Agriculture and Industry, Factor of Production, Land, Labour and its mobility, Labour Force and population theories, Capital, its meaning, Accumulation, productivity of Capital, Entrepreneur, Functions of Entrepreneur.
Cost: Fixed, Variable, Total, Average and Marginal: Cost over time period.
Market: Perfect and Imperfect Competition. Demand and Supply Relationship, Market price and Normal price; price determination under perfect and imperfect competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, Duopoly and Price Control, (Basis Concepts).
Factor Pricing: Rent, Wages, Interest and Profit.
National Income: Measurement of National Income: Concepts of National Income-GNP, National Income: at market price, at factor Cost; Measurement of national Product in current price and in constant prices.
Balance of Payment: Balance of Trade, Balance of payments, Causes of Disequilibrium and Measures.
Public Finance: Meaning, Different between Private and Public Finance, Income and Expenditure of Public Bodies, Kinds to Taxes and Cannons of Taxes.
Economics in Islam: Economic role of State in Islam, Zakat and Usher.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
(1) Economics by Muhammad Irshad.
(2) Sh. Manzoor Ali, Economics, Ilmi Kutab Khana, Urdu bazar, Lahore.
(3) Lioyd G. Reynolds Irwin. Micro Economics analysis & Policy. Irwin Homwood Illinols.
(4) Nacy Smith Bareent. The Theory of Macro Economics Policy, Prentics Hall.
(5) Fdword Shariro. Macro Economic Analysis. Harcourt Brace.
(6) Saeed Nasir M.A. Textbook of Economics. Ilmi Kutab Khana, Lahore.
(7) Salman Rizavi. Economics.
(8) Paul A. Sameulson. Economics.
Sohail Akhter: Text Book of Economics.
Note: Latest Edition of the Recommended Books.
PAPER-IV (BC-304)
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
(1) Field of accounting, Accounting terminology, Accounting cycle, Accounting equation (Balance Sheet).
(2) Recording the business transactions. Journal, Ledger and Trial Balance.
(3) Subsidiary Ledgers for sales, purchases, cash, banking transactions, Bank Reconciliation and Negotiable Instruments, etc.
(4) Depreciation Methods and Accounting Treatment.
(5) The periodical adjustment and closing processaccruals, discounts, uncollectables and correction of errors. Capital and Revenue, provision and reserve.
(6) The Worksheet.
(7) Final Accounts, Income Statement, Capital Statement, Retained Earning Statement and Balance Sheet.
(8) Partnership Accounts Formation, Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution.
(9) Accounting for Non-trading concerns, Receipts and Payments Account, Income and Expenditure Account.
(10) Incomplete records, single entry system.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
(1) Accounting by M. Arif & Sohail Afzal, Azeem Academy Lahore.
(2) Ghani, M.A. Principels of Accounting, Salman Publishers, Lahore.
(3) Meigs and Meigs Accounting. The Basis for Business Decisions McGraw Hill Book Company.
(4) Niswonger and Fees Accounting Principles South-Western.
(5) Fundamentals of Accounting by Ch. M. Hanif and Azam Shafiq. Etisam Publishers, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
(6) Accounting by Dr. Khawaja Amjad Saeed, Institute of Business Management, Lahore.
Note: Latest Edition of the Recommended books.
PAPER-V (BC-305)
FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH
(1) Vocabulary: Antonyms, Synonyms, Homonyms, One word Substitute.
(2) Practical Grammar Sentence Structure: Types of sentences based on function e.g. Interrogative sentences, based on structure e.g. Compound sentences. Parts of a Sentence subject, predicate complements, direct indirect Objective, Rules for structuring sentences. Phrases types and functions, Clauses types and functions.
(3) Parts of Speech: Major word classes. Nouns with further classifications (regular, countable; uncountable; singular; plural), Pronouns with further classifications, Verbs emphasis on three forms of verbs, Adjectives with further classification three degrees of comparison, Adverbs with further classifications. Minor word classes: Preposition, conjunctions with further classifications, Interjections, Auxiliary verbs, Determiners. Infinitive, Participle, Gerund, Genitives types and functions.
(4) Punctuations: Tenses Types, Structure, Function, Conversion into negative and interrogative.
(5) Active and Passive Voice.
(6) Direct and Indirect Speech.
(7) Articles: Definite, Indefinite.
(8) Composition: (Comprehension) Précis Writing, Essay Writing.
PAPER-VI (BC-306)
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS
Business: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Importance, Problems, Functions and qualities of a Businessman.
Sole Proprietorship: Features, Merits and Demerits.
Partnership: Features, Merits and Demerits, Co-ownership vs. Partnership; Classification of Partners; Rights, Duties, and Liabilities of Partners, Dissolution of Partnership.
Joint Stock Company: Features, Merits and Demerits, Formation, Memorandum of Association; Articles of Association, Prospectus, Capital, Management, Meetings, Winding up.
Cooperative Society: Features, Kinds, Merits and Demerits.
Combination: Meaning, Causes and Purposes, Advantages and Disadvantages, Types of Combination, Forms of Combination.
Trade: Wholesales, retail, Import and Export.
Marketing: Definition, Functions, Scope Advantages and Disadvantage, Marketing Versus Selling.
Channels of Distribution: Meaning, Functions, Kinds Selection of Channels, Advantages.
Sales Promotion: Meaning, Objects and Methods.
Advertising: Meaning, Objects, Types, Merits and Demerits Advertising Media.
Warehousing: Definition, Functions, Kinds.
Business Risk: Definition. Types Methods of Handling Risk.
Insurance: Meaning, Principles, Kinds (Life, Fire, Marine) Importance.
Finance: Definition, Components, Importance Kinds and Sources.
Management: Definition, Base, Functions and Management.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
(1) Nisar-ud-Din. Business Organization. Aziz Publishers, Urdu Bazar, Lahore.
(2) Introduction to Business by Muhammad Irshad.
(3) Introduction to Business by Khalid Mehmood Cheema, Syed Mobin Mahmood & Company, Lahore.
(4) Thedore J.Sielaff and John W. Aberle. Introduction to Business, Belmont, California. Warsworth Publishing Company Inc.
(5) Askari Zaidi S.A. Fundamentals of Business. Orient Publishers, Karachi.
(6) Glass & Baker. Introduction to business.
(7) Ali M.H. Introduction to Business.
Note: Latest Editions of the recommended books.
PAPER-VII (BC-307)
MONEY & BANKING
Money
Introduction: Evolution of Money, Forms, Functions, Importance and role of Money.
Value of Money: Quantity Theory of Money, Cash Balance theory of Money, Measurement of value of Money. Devaluation of Money.
Trade Cycle: Phases, Causes, Remedies, Theory of Trade Cycles.
Inflation: Kinds, Causes, Remedies, Deflation, reflection, Disinflation, Stagflation.
International Monitoring Systems: IMF, IBRD, Asian Development Bank, Islamic Development Bank.
BANKING
Introduction: Definition, Evolution, Kinds of Banks.
Commercial Bank: Principles, Function, Importance. Role of Banks.
Bank Account: Current, PLS, Term Deposit, Foreign Currency Accounts.
Bank Customer: Different Types of Customers, Bankers Customers Relationships.
Bank Advances: Running Finance, Cash Finance, Demand Finance, Term Finance, Discounting of Bills, Purchase of Bills, Principles of Advances, Securities, Modes of Lending.
Letter of Creditors: Kinds, Operations, Advantages.
Central Bank: Principles, Functions, Role, Monitoring Policies, Methods of Note Issues, State Bank of Pakistan, Functions and Role.
Bank in Pakistan: Brief History, Nationalization, Privatization, ADBP, IDBP, Small Business Finance Corporation.
Islamic Banking: Principles, Functions, Islamic Modes of Finance.
BOOKS RECOMMANDED
(1) Money & Banking by Muhammad Irshad,
(2) Money & Banking by M. Saeed Nasir, Kitab Markaz Faisalabad.
(3) Practice and Law of Banking in Pakistan, Israr Siddiqui, Royal Book Co., Karachi.
(4) Banking and Finance in Pakistan, S.A., Menai Oxford University Press, Karachi.
(5) An outline of Money by Crowther, Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd. London.
(6) Hassan, Moheen, Banking Mobeen Publishers, Lahore.
PAPER-VIII (BC-308)
ISLAMIC STUDIES:
Islamic Studies (Ethical Behaviour in lieu of Islamic Studies for Non-Muslim Student)

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Saturday, November 7, 2009





Saturday, November 7, 2009 by Unknown · 0

Wall Papers 6






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Wall Papers 5






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Wall Papers 4






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Wall Papers 3






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